An incomplete spinal injury is defined as spinal cord injury with some preserved motor or sensory function below the injury level. The spared function may be including Voluntary anal contraction (sacral sparing) Palpable or visible muscle contraction below the injury level Perianal sensation present It must be noted that the completeness of the lesion is the […]
Spine
Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction Presentation and Treatment
Sacroiliac joint dysfunction refers to pain in the sacroiliac joint region that is caused by inflammation of the sacroiliac joint. Sacroiliac joint dysfunction causes low back which can radiate to leg also not dissimilar to lumbar radiculopathy. It is also sacroiliac joint disorder, sacroiliac joint disease, sacroiliac joint syndrome or sacroiliac syndrome, or sacroiliac instability. […]
Epidural Steroid Injection Procedure
Epidural steroid injection, as the name implies, is a technique of injecting a steroid into the epidural space for relieving pain in the neck, arm, back, and leg, caused by inflamed spinal nerves due to spinal stenosis or disc herniation. An epidural steroid injection typically includes both a corticosteroid like methyl-prednisolone, dexamethasone or other […]
Sacroiliac Joint Injection Indications and Procedure
A sacroiliac joint injection is also called a sacroiliac joint block. It is primarily used either to diagnose or treat low back pain and/or sciatica symptoms associated with sacroiliac joint dysfunction. Relevant Anatomy The sacroiliac joint is an amphiarthrodial joint, formed between the auricular surfaces of the sacrum and the ilium. Interosseous ligament, the anterior […]
Facet Joint Injection- Indications and Complications
Facet joint injection is given to diagnose and treat pain originating from facet joint of spine. Facet joint are small but important joints between superior and inferior articular processes. These joints provide stability and help guide motion. These joints can become painful and cause pain in the back following arthritis of the spine, a back […]
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Cauda equina syndrome refers to a characteristic pattern of neuromuscular and urogenital symptoms resulting from the compression of multiple lumbosacral nerves in cauda equine [see below]. The spinal cord ends at L1- L2 level. It tapers before ending. The most distal bulbous part of the spinal cord is called the conus medullaris, and its tapering […]
Spinal Cord Injury Presentation and Treatment
Spinal cord injury is a term used for the spectrum of insults to the spinal cord which results in either temporary or permanent loss of function of the affected area of the cord. Spinal cord works to relay motor and sensory signals to the peripheral organs. Therefore the function affected are sensation, proprioception, the activity […]
Undifferentiated Spondyloarthropathy
Undifferentiated Spondyloarthropathy is a term used to describe the condition where presentation does not meet the criteria for a definitive diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis or related disease. Undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy may represent an early phase or incomplete form of ankylosing spondylitis or another spondyloarthropathy. However, more recent data suggest that these patients may represent a distinct […]
Ankylosing Spondylitis Presentation and Treatment
Ankylosing spondylitis literally means fusing inflamed spine growing together. Ankylosing spondylitis is also known by many other names like rheumatoid spondylitis spondyloarthrite rhizomegalique,Marie-Strümpell disease and von Bechterew disease. Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory joint disease which is a part of spondyloarthropathies. Reactive arthritis, psoriatic arthropathy, spondyloarthropathy associated with inflammatory bowel disease, undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy, Whipple […]
Motion Preservation Surgery of Spine
Motion preservation surgery in the spine refers to a group of surgeries which aim at preservation of the spine motion by replicating normal or near normal biomechanics. The fundamental to all these surgeries is the use of devices, that replicate these functions. Decompression and fusion are classic procedures of spine surgery. Motion preservation surgeries are […]