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Bone and Spine

Orthopedic health, conditions and treatment

Trauma

Radiographs in Orthopedics

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

x-ray machine

Radiographs are also called or roentgenographs named after the discoverer of X-rays, Wilhelm Röntgen. Radiographs are produced by transmitting X-rays through a patient.  Rontgen discovered X-rays in 1895 and received the first Nobel Prize in Physics for their discovery in 1901. In the conventional film-screen radiography, an X-ray machine tube generates a beam of X-rays, aimed […]

Filed Under: Trauma

Principles of Treatment of Fractures

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Orthopedics Operating room

It is a dictum in orthopedics that no two fractures are alike. Every fracture behaves differently from other. In the same part fractured, there could be different types of treatment depending on many factors other than fracture geometry. Treatment of fractures takes various things into consideration -age of the patient, fracture pattern, type of bone […]

Filed Under: Trauma

Open Fractures- Features, Classification and Management

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Open Fracture Femur With Bone Jutting Out

Open fractures are fractures where hematoma is in communication with the external environment. An open fracture may have a wound size ranging from a pinprick to complete baring of the bone. Open fractures have been further classified according to their severity and help the treating doctor to plan the treatment and measure the prognosis. Open […]

Filed Under: Trauma

Injury Severity Score

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Injury Severity Score is based on Abbreviated Injury Scale and is used in the assessment of injury in adults an children both. It along with pediatric trauma score are quite reliable in predicting injury measure in children. Abbreviated Injury Scale is an anatomical scoring system where injuries are ranked on a scale of 1 to […]

Filed Under: Trauma

Pediatric Trauma Score

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Pediatric trauma score is a score used in pediatric injuries to gauge vulnerability of the injured child to traumatic injury. The score uses the following parameters Weight of the child Airway status Systolic BP Consciousness Level Type of fractures Type of Wound Following table shows how to calculate the score for each parameter-   Score […]

Filed Under: Trauma

Injured and Alone – What To Do?

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

injured and alone

Being injured and alone is one of the most frightening situations as the person is unable to reach anyone for help. while it may be frightening, it is not uncommon. Remember the movie 127 hours!! Frightening. isn’t it? Patients of trauma fall into minor injuries or major injuries. A person with major injuries can be […]

Filed Under: Trauma

Sauve Kapandji Procedure

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

SAUVE-KAPANDJI procedure on distal ulna

Sauve Kapandji procedure is a procedure which  involves removal of about 10 mm of ulna proximal to distal radio ulnar joint and fixing the distal fragment of ulna to radius by means of screw. Sauve Kapandji procedure aims at creating a new joint at the level where ulna is cut and serves two purposes. First […]

Filed Under: Procedures, Trauma

Darrach Procedure

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Darrach procedure is removal of distal ulna. It was first performed by Darrach in 1911 in New York City. Darrach Procedure is done for- For relief of pain following distal RU disruption and/or RU arthritis; For symptomatic malunion of Colle fracture in elderly patients, especially when stiffness is present Darrach  procedure is generally performed on […]

Filed Under: Procedures, Trauma

Bed Sores or Pressure Ulcers

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

a sacral bed sore

Bed sores, also known as decubitus ulcers, are localized injuries to the skin and underlying tissue that usually occur over a bony prominence as a result of pressure, or pressure in combination with shear and/or friction in the areas with partial or complete blood flow obstruction. Sacrum, coccyx, heels or the hips,  are most common […]

Filed Under: Trauma

Nonunion, Delayed Union and Malunion

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Screw Pull Out and Nonunion of Fracture Humerus

Nonunion of fracture is a delayed complication of fracture. Literally, it means the absence of a union. But by definition, a bone can be labeled as in nonunion only when the union has not occurred in the bone even after a passage of sufficient time [in which the bone normally would have united]. Fractures of […]

Filed Under: Trauma

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triphalangeal thumb photo

Triphalangeal Thumb Presentation, Types and Treatment

The triphalangeal thumb is a congenital hand anomaly where the thumb has three phalanges instead of two. The middle phalanx is the extra one. In the normal human hand, the thumb has two phalanges. It is believed to be first described by Columbo in 1559. The triphalangeal thumb with full-length normal second phalanx and without […]

prevertebral space in cervical spine

Prevertebral Space and Its Importance?

Prevertebral space is a space in the neck region defined by the anterior part of the cervical spine and the deep layer of the deep cervical fascia running between the transverse processes of the spine. It extends from the skull base into the mediastinum and ends at the level of the fourth thoracic vertebra. The […]

Loose bodies in joint

Loose Bodies in Joint- Causes and Treatment

Loose bodies refer to the fragments of cartilage or bone that freely float inside the joint space and can occur as a result of an injury or wear or tear over time. There can be one or many loose bodies in the joint as determined by severity of the disease. The loose bodies can be […]

Shoulder Arthrodesis

Shoulder Arthrodesis Indications and Procedure

Shoulder arthrodesis is end-stage salvage joint fusion surgery for a joint that has failed, is about to fail or a painful joint that cannot be reconstructed. The term shoulder arthrodesis is used for fusion of the glenohumeral joint. Though the indications for arthrodesis are diminishing, it is still an important method of shoulder management. It […]

rib-cage

Anatomy of Thoracic Cage or Rib Cage

The thoracic cage or rib cage is the skeletal framework that encloses the contents of the thorax. The thoracic cage or rib cage along with its contents form the thorax portion of the body. Roughly speaking, this is the area of the chest. The Thoracic cage consists of the 12 pairs of ribs with their […]

Os Acromiale

Os Acromiale

Os acromiale is an accessory bone which results from an unfused center of ossification of the acromion of the scapula bone. Os acromiale is seen in about 8%  of the population and may be bilateral in 60%. Os acromiale can be mistaken for normal acromioclavicular joint, degenerative ossicles and fracture of the acromion. Ossification of […]

Femoral Offset

What Is Femoral Offset?

Femoral offset is the distance from the center of rotation of the femoral head to a line dissecting the long axis of the femur. In case of total replacement of the hip, the offset is considered as the distance from the center of rotation of the femoral head to a line bisecting the long axis […]

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