Serratus anterior paralysis is a condition that characterized by pain, loss of shoulder movement and winging of scapula owing to damage or injury of the long thoracic nerve. This nerve evolves from the roots of neck vertebrae (C5-C7) and supplies to serratus anterior muscle that retains the scapula bone to the chest wall. Long thoracic […]
Trauma
Scapular Winging – Causes, Types and Treatment
Scapular winging or winged scapula refers to a dysfunction involving the stabilizing muscles of the scapula resulting in imbalance and abnormal motion of the scapula and causing protrusion or prominence of scapula bone. Winging of the scapula is a rare but potentially debilitating condition that can affect the ability to lift, pull, and push heavy […]
Scapulothoracic Dissociation – Presentation and Management
Scapulothoracic dissociation refers to complete separation of the scapula and the upper extremity from the thoracic attachments. It was defined as a complete disruption of the scapulothoracic articulation with lateral scapular displacement and intact skin by Oereck in 1984 who is credited with its first report. It is also called traumatic forequarter amputation with intact […]
Female Athlete Triad or Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport
The female athlete triad is a combination of menstrual dysfunction, low energy availability with or without an eating disorder, and decreased bone mineral density often seen in young women in competitive sports. The new term for this entity is Relative energy deficiency in sport [RED-S]. Classically female athlete triad was defined as consisting of disordered […]
Scapular Dyskinesis – Causes, Tests and Treatment
Scapular dyskinesis is a term that denotes loss of control of normal scapular motion, physiology or mechanics. It is also called sometimes as scapular dyskinesia but dyskinesis is said to be a better term as dyskinesia is applied to abnormal active movements mediated by neurological factors e.g. tardive dyskinesia. Dyskinesis is a finding in the examination […]
Swimmer’s Shoulder Causes, Symptoms and Treatment
Swimmer’s shoulder is an umbrella term covering a range of painful shoulder in the competitive swimmer lead to a spectrum of overuse injuries seen in the swimmer’s shoulder, the most common of which is rotator cuff tendinitis. Shoulder pain is the most common musculoskeletal complaint in swimming with swimmer’s shoulder. Reports of incidence of disabling shoulder pain […]
Hip Pointer Injury – Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment
A hip pointer refers to a contusion to the iliac crest or the greater trochanter of the femur caused typically by a direct blow or fall. Other involved structures may include the tensor fascia lata, the external oblique muscle and the greater trochanter of the femur. Severe cases may have In severe cases a hematoma, causing […]
Chronic Ankle Instability Causes and Treatment
Chronic ankle instability has is seen in about 20% of people who suffer from acute ankle sprains. It often causes recurrent sprains. About 80% of acute ankle sprains reach full recovery with initial non-operative management, rest develop chronic symptoms resulting in chronic ankle instability. [Please go through Acute ankle sprains to get a better perspective […]
High Ankle Sprains or Syndesmotic Sprains
High ankle sprains, also known as syndesmotic sprains, are sprains of the syndesmotic ligaments that connect distal ends of the tibia and fibula. High ankle sprains [because they are located above the ankle] comprise approximately 15% of all ankle sprains. These injuries are mostly external rotation injuries Most of these occur in conjunction with ankle fractures and rarely in isolated form. […]
Ankle Sprain Causes, Symptoms and Treatment
Ankle sprain accounts for up to 40% of all athletic injuries and is most commonly seen in athletes participating in basketball, soccer, running, and ballet/dance. The ankle sprain is usually caused by an inversion-type twisting injury. About eighty percent of acute ankle sprains recover completely, 20% develop mechanical or functional instability resulting in chronic ankle […]