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Bone and Spine

Orthopedic health, conditions and treatment

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Tumors

Types of Surgical Resection of Tumors

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Types of surgical resection-

Types of Surgical resection of the musculoskeletal tumors depend on the stage of the tumor and the type of surgical margin dictated by the histological grade which is required for the definitive local control. There are a number of modifying circumstances to be considered before the decision for surgery is made, e.g. the patient’ s age wishes […]

Filed Under: Tumors

Osteopoikilosis or Spotted Bone

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Xray of Osteopoikilosis

Osteopoikilosis is a  benign, autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia that manifests radiographically as multiple bone islands which are especially seen near the joints, epiphyses, metaphyses of long and short tubular bones. The condition is also known as the spotted bone. The islands are also seen in in the pelvis and scapulae. The distribution is typically bilateral […]

Filed Under: Tumors

Bone Island or Enostosis

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

bone island xray

A bone island or enostosis is a common benign bone lesion. It is asymptomatic and does not require treatment. It is usually seen as an incidental finding on x-ray, computed tomogram and MRI. A bone island is a focus of mature cortical bone within the cancellous bone.  Pelvis, femur, and other long bones are the […]

Filed Under: Tumors

Bone Metastasis or Metastatic Bone Disease

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Different locations of metastasis and their symptoms

Bone metastasis or metastatic bone disease is said to occur when cancer cells from other parts of body spread to the bone. After lung and liver, bone is considered to be the third most common organ involved by metastases. In breast cancer, the bone is the second most common site for metastases. Metastases in the […]

Filed Under: Tumors

Solitary Osteochondroma- Symptoms and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

osteochondroma of femur

Solitary osteochondroma is a cartilage-capped bony projection on the external surface of a bone near the growth plate. It is considered a non-neoplastic anomaly similar to hamartoma. A neoplastic swelling means there is abnormal cell growth. However, it is a kind rather an overgrowth of the cartilage and bone. These are located adjacent to growth […]

Filed Under: Tumors

Synovial Chondromatosis Causes and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Synovial Chondromatosis with Large Loose Bodies

Synovial chondromatosis is a rare benign [the one which is noncancerous] condition in which foci of cartilage develop in the synovial membrane of joints, bursae, or tendon sheaths. The foci of cartilage often develop as a result of metaplasia. Metaplasia refers to the replacement of one type of cell with another mature cell that is […]

Filed Under: Tumors

Osteoid Osteoma Diagnosis and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

CT of Osteoid Osteoma

Osteoid osteoma is a painful benign bone lesion most often seen in the adolescent age group. The lesion consists of osteoblastic or growing cell mass called a nidus surrounded by a zone of sclerotic but normal bone. The lesion is generally small and often less than 2 cm in diameter. Osteoid osteoma accounting for 5% […]

Filed Under: Tumors

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cervical anatomy

Cervical Spine Anatomy

The cervical spine is formed by the first seven vertebrae which are named as C1 to C7 and make the neck region of the spine. Anatomically, the cervical spine starts where the top vertebra (C1) connects to the bottom of the skull. The normal cervical spine has a lordosis. That means it is curved with […]

Cervical Spondylosis with severe anterior osteophytes cervical spine

Cervical Spondylosis- Causes, Presentation and Treatment

Cervical spondylosis is a term for degenerative changes (wear and tear) of the vertebral discs and facets of the cervical spine. It is considered to be a normal part of aging. It is not symptomatic in many people but may cause recurring neck pain. Cervical Spondylosis often progresses with age and frequently involves multiple levels. […]

classification of anesthetic agents

Classification of Anesthetic Agents

There are many different anesthetic agents available and the user may vary depending on the site of the procedure, type of anesthesia [local versus spinal] and duration of anesthesia sought. In addition to this patient’s allergy profile needs to be taken into account. Lidocaine is the most commonly used anesthetic and belongs to the amide […]

Pediatric Trauma Score

Pediatric trauma score is a score used in pediatric injuries to gauge vulnerability of the injured child to traumatic injury. The score uses the following parameters Weight of the child Airway status Systolic BP Consciousness Level Type of fractures Type of Wound Following table shows how to calculate the score for each parameter-   Score […]

Achilles tendinosis site

Achilles Tendinosis – Causes and Treatment

Achilles tendinosis is a condition due to repeated microtrauma which may cause stiffness, edema, weakness, and pain in the Achilles tendon. Achilles tendinosis affects sports persons [runners, gymnasts, cyclists, and volleyball players] and recreational athletes. It affects inactive people too. It is said to be a failed healing response to wear and tear rather thin […]

2018 EULAR recommendations for exercise in arthritis and osteoarthritis

New Recomendations for Exercise in Arthritis [EULAR 2018]

There is no doubt that patients with osteoarthritis and inflammatory arthritis are benefited by regular exercises. In fact, recommending physical activity is the standard of care in the management of these conditions. To help patients and healthcare providers make a better selection on physical activity choices, European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) has come out with […]

Classification of Bipartite Patella

Bipartite Patella

Bipartite patella is a congenital condition in which the patella is actually two separate bones instead of one and represents unfused or incompletely fused secondary ossification centers of the patella. Most of the people who have this condition are generally asymptomatic and most commonly. It may be confused with a fracture of the patella. The incidence […]

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