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Anatomy of Patella

The patella or kneecap is the sesamoid that lies within the quadriceps tendon/patellar ligament and forms part of the knee joint and is situated in front of the lower end of femur appx 1 cm above the knee joint. If it lies higher, it is called patella alta and if it is lower, it is […]

Congenital Dislocation of Radial Head

Congenital dislocation of the radial head was described by McFarland. Congenital radial head dislocation is an unusual congenital dislocation in which there is dislocation of the radial head from its usual position. The direction of the displacement of the radial head may be anterior or posterior or lateral. It is bilateral in most of the […]

Peroneal Nerve Entrapment

Peroneal nerve entrapment can occur in either common peroneal nerve, superficial peroneal nerve or deep peroneal nerve. To understand these entrapments and their effects, it is important to understand the anatomy. Relevant Anatomy Peroneal Nerve About mid-thigh or lower, sciatic nerve divides into two branches – common peroneal nerve and tibial nerve. The common peroneal […]

Genu Varum or Bow Legs Causes and Treatment

This gives the limb an overall the appearance of an archer’s bow. This condition may present from infancy through adulthood and has a variety of causes. The problem may be unilateral which would result in functional leg length discrepancy or bilateral. It is interesting to note that almost all babies are born bow-legged. By the time […]

Ollier Disease – Causes, Presentation and Treatment

Ollier’s disease is a rare, nonhereditary skeletal disorder characterized by a multifocal intramedullary proliferation of hypercellular dysplastic cartilage. It is a type of enchondromatosis. Maffucci’s syndrome is another type of enchondromatosis where the skeletal lesions are accompanied by hemangiomas of skin, soft tissu, and viscera. Enchondromatosis represents a distinct developmental disorder of enchondral ossification and […]

Intervertebral Disc Calcification

Intervertebral disc calcification is more common in adults than children. Overall, it is an uncommon condition. It was first described by Baron in 1924 and since that time more than 100 cases have been reported. Intervertebral disc calcification is more common in boys than girls and usual age of presentation is 8-13 years. It is […]

Elbow Arthrocentesis or Elbow Joint Aspiration

Elbow arthrocentesis refers to puncture of the elbow joint and the aspiration of its synovial fluid. It is used for synovial fluid analysis to aid in diagnosis and also for therapeutic purposes. Analysis of the removed fluid helps to reach at its etiology. Anatomy of Elbow Joint Elbow region is the connecting region between arm […]

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