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What Is Open Mouth View X-ray?

An open mouth view x-ray is a special view to visualize upper cervical spine problems especially C1 and C2 vertebrae. Routine anteroposterior cervical spine view shows the spine from C3 segment and is usually less helpful in diagnosing acute injuries. Open mouth view x-ray is not done routinely and is ordered when a problem is […]

Digital Block Procedure – Indications and Techniques

Digital nerve blocks are used for numbing digits [fingers, toes] for a procedure on the digits. Injury and infection are the two most common reasons for surgical procedures of digits. The digital block is generally effective for procedures distal to metatarsal or metacarpal heads. Relevant anatomy Each digit is innervated by 4 digital nerves – […]

Meralgia Paresthetica

Meralgia paresthetica is an entrapment neuropathy of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve resulting in pain in the outer thigh. Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve is a sensory nerve that supplies the lateral aspect of the thigh. Meralgia paresthetica comes from the Greek words meros (thigh) and algos (pain). The compression of the nerve commonly due to focal […]

Bone Island or Enostosis

A bone island or enostosis is a common benign bone lesion. It is asymptomatic and does not require treatment. It is usually seen as an incidental finding on x-ray, computed tomogram and MRI. A bone island is a focus of mature cortical bone within the cancellous bone. Pelvis, femur, and other long bones are the […]

Normal Biomechanics of Knee and Movements

Knee allows locomotion with minimum energy requirements from the muscles and stability for accommodating for different terrains. The knee joint has biomechanical roles in allowing gait by flexing and rotating and at the same time, provides stability during the activities of daily life. It shortens and extends lower limb as required and transmits forces across […]

Knee Anatomy and Significance

Knee anatomy involves the anatomy of the knee joint and surrounding structures. The knee joint consists of the lateral femorotibial , medial femorotibial , and femoropatellar joints. It is is the largest and most complex joint of the body. It is a compound synovial joint incorporating two condylar joints between the condyles of the femur […]

Sinding Larsen Johansson Disease

Sinding Larsen Johansson disease [ also known as Sinding-Larsen disease or Larsen-Johannson syndrome] is a type of osteochondrosis that affects the proximal end of the patellar tendon as it inserts into the inferior pole of the patella, and represents a chronic traction injury or overuse injury of the immature osteotendinous junction. It is a closely […]

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