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Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms and Treatment

This article focuses on Knee Osteoarthritis. For details on Osteoarthritis, read Osteoarthritis Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment Knee osteoarthritis is can result in severe pain and disability, and affect activities like walking even for short distances or climbing stairs. Like all other osteoarthritides, knee osteoarthritis takes a quite some time to develop and worsens gradually. Earlier […]

ACR Guidelines For Imaging of Rib Fracture

Rib fracture is the most common thoracic injury. It is found in 10% of all traumatic injuries and 40% of cases of blunt trauma. 5th to 9th ribs are most commonly involved probably due to the protection offered by shoulder girdle to upper ribs and mobility of lower ribs. Isolated rib fractures have relatively low […]

Visual Analog Scale For Pain

Visual analog scale [VAS] is a measure of pain intensity. It is a continuous scale comprised of a horizontal (called horizontal visual analog scale) or, vertical called vertical visual analog scale usually 10 cm or 100 mm length [both the gradations are used]. It is anchored by two verbal descriptors, one for each symptom extreme. […]

Synovial Fluid Composition and Functions

Synovial fluid is a thick, stringy fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints. It reduces friction between the articular cartilage and other tissues in joints by lubricating and cushioning them during movement. During movement, the synovial fluid held in the cartilage is squeezed out mechanically to maintain a layer of fluid on the cartilage […]

Prepatellar Bursitis or Housemaid Knee

Prepatellar bursitis is inflammation and swelling of the prepatellar bursa which lies between the skin and the patella separating the patella from the patellar tendon and skin. Normally, it contains a minimal amount of fluid and is not appreciable but with inflammation, it could swell substantially. Prepatellar bursitis is also known as the beat knee, […]

Shin Splints or Medial tibial stress syndrome

Shin splints or Medial tibial stress syndrome is an overuse injury or repetitive stress injury of the shin area [tibial bone]. These affect persons who engage in running and jumping. It affects about 15% of all running-related injuries. It is most often found in runners, and persons playing other sports like football, basketball, soccer, and […]

Local Antibiotic Delivery To Infected Bone

Local antibiotic delivery is able to deliver high doses of local antibiotic with low risk of systemic toxicity. Bone and joint infections are localized infections and systemic antibiotics alone cannot be sufficient especially when the infected wound has poorly perfused areas or dead space. Therefore local antibiotic delivery may be required in cases of bone and […]