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Bone and Spine

Orthopedic health, conditions and treatment

General Ortho

Head Halter Traction- Use and Complications

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

head halter traction

Head halter traction or cervical halter is a type of spinal traction used in cervical ailments and injuries. It is similar to skin traction used on the limbs and is based on the same principles. The head halter traction is provided by using head halter traction devices which produce an effect of stretching the neck […]

Filed Under: General Ortho

Pulled Muscle in Chest – Presentation and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Thoracic muscles cause Pulled muscle in chest

A pulled muscle in chest means a tear or injury in the muscles of the thoracic cage. Relevant Anatomy Thoracic cage is composedof 12 pairs of ribs and sternum. {read more about thoracic cage anatomy} The muscles of the thoracic cage are Intercostals External Internal Innermost Subcostals Transversus thoracis All of these muscles act to change […]

Filed Under: General Ortho

Bone Spur or Osteophyte- Causes and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

bone spur

A bone spur is a bony growth formed on a normal bone. In medical language, it is termed as an osteophyte. A bone spur is an extra bone and can cause symptoms due to pressure on adjacent tissues. Bone spurs are also called osteochondral nodules, osteochondrophytes, and chondro-osteophytes. Osteophyte is part of degenerative changes that […]

Filed Under: Health Guides, General Ortho

Foods for Healthy Bones- Sources and Requirement

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

foods for healthy bones

Doctor! What are foods for healthy bones? What should I eat so that I get strong bones and joints? I received this question in my mail recently. Actually, it is an often asked question. Not only this, some people are interested in superfoods for healthy bones. Well! Before we discuss the foods for healthy bones […]

Filed Under: General Ortho

Female Athlete Triad or Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

female athlete triad

The female athlete triad is a combination of menstrual dysfunction, low energy availability with or without an eating disorder, and decreased bone mineral density often seen in young women in competitive sports. The new term for this entity is Relative energy deficiency in sport [RED-S]. Classically female athlete triad was defined as consisting of disordered […]

Filed Under: General Ortho

Scapular Dyskinesis – Causes, Tests and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

type 3 scapular dyskinesis

Scapular dyskinesis is a term that denotes loss of control of normal scapular motion, physiology or mechanics. It is also called sometimes as scapular dyskinesia but dyskinesis is said to be a better term as dyskinesia is applied to abnormal active movements mediated by neurological factors e.g. tardive dyskinesia. Dyskinesis is a finding in the examination […]

Filed Under: General Ortho, Hand and Upper Limb

Normal Scapulohumeral Rhythm and Its Significance

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

scapulohumeral rhythm

Scapulohumeral rhythm is the interplay between the scapula and the humerus during motion of the shoulder. There is a definitive pattern of interaction of scapula and humerus when contributing to the motion of the shoulder. Scapulohumeral rhythm is also called glenohumeral rhythm. Optimal function of the shoulder is reliant on the coordinated movement of the […]

Filed Under: Anatomy, General Ortho

Implant Materials in Orthopedics- Metals, Ceramics and Polymers

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Implant material for hip replacement

Implants are biomaterial devices. A biomaterial is any substance or combination of substances (other than a drug), synthetic or natural in origin, that can be used for any period of time as a whole or part of a system that treats, augments or replaces any tissue, organ or function of the body. Implants are essential […]

Filed Under: General Ortho

Immune Response to Orthopedic Implants

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Screw Pull Out and Nonunion of Fracture Humerus

Immune response to orthopedic hardware after implantation could be due to metal sensitivity or against other components, usually of bone cement. The condition though rare, metal hypersensitivity should be considered. In cases of recurrent pain and aseptic loosening related to implanted hardware. The first report of cutaneous hypersensitivity caused by a metallic orthopedic implant was […]

Filed Under: General Ortho

Antiseptics and Disinfectants – Types and Uses

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

antiseptics and disinfectants

Antiseptics and disinfectants are nonselective, anti-infective agents that are applied topically. In general, antiseptics are applied to tissues to suppress or prevent microbial infection. Disinfectants are germicidal compounds usually applied to inanimate surfaces. Both can be covered by the more general term, biocide. Sometimes the same compound may act as an antiseptic and a disinfectant, […]

Filed Under: General Ortho

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complications-of-bone-grafting

Bone Grafts – Types, Mechanism, Techniques and Complications

Bone grafts are used to repair and rebuild diseased bones in your hips, knees, spine, and sometimes other bones and joints. A bone graft transplants bone tissue. Grafts can also repair bone loss caused by some types of fractures or cancers. Once your body accepts the bone graft, it provides a framework for the growth […]

What is Melorheostosis?

Melorheostosis (also known as Leri disease) is a rare dysplasia manifesting as regions of sclerosing bone with a characteristic dripping wax appearance or flowing candle wax appearance The disease, described by Leri and Joanny in 1922, is a rare, non-hereditary lesion. Patients with melorheostosis may have associated Vascular malformations Neurofibromatosis Hemangioma Arterial aneurysms Linear scleroderma […]

A Typical Chance Fracture

Chance Fracture of Spine

Chance fracture is a flexion-distraction injury that involves only the osseous structures from posterior to anterior through the spinous process, pedicles, and vertebral body, respectively because the bony elements fail,  and ligamentous components remaining intact. In adults, the Chance fracture most commonly is found in the upper lumbar spine, but it may be observed in […]

ganglion cyst on wrist

Ganglion Cyst Presentation and Treatment

Ganglion cyst is the most common benign tumor of the hand. It is thought to be degeneration of the mucoid connective tissue. It most commonly occurs on the dorsal wrist in 60% cases and is seen as bump on the wrist.This arises generally from scapholunate joint but can also arise from the radioscaphoid or scaphotrapezial […]

cauda equina syndrome

Cauda Equina Syndrome

Cauda equina syndrome refers to a characteristic pattern of neuromuscular and urogenital symptoms resulting from the compression of multiple lumbosacral nerves in cauda equine [see below]. The spinal cord ends at L1- L2 level. It tapers before ending.  The most distal bulbous part of the spinal cord is called the conus medullaris, and its tapering […]

Thoracic Spine Anatomy

Thoracic Spine Anatomy

The thoracic spine is also called the dorsal spine and is constituted by the next 12 vertebrae after the cervical spine. These vertebrae are named T1 to T12 (or D1 to D12) from above downwards. If you palpate back of the neck from above downwards in the midline, you would come across a sudden projection […]

Upper cervical spine Injury

Upper Cervical Spine Injury – C1 and C2 Fractures

The cervical spine is divided into an upper cervical spine which is formed by the atlas (C1), the axis (C2) and adjoining structures. The skull base with its bony and ligamentous elements surrounding the foramen magnum plays an integral part in the maintenance of the normal functional alignment of these two vertebrae. Technically, however, the […]

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Osteitis Pubis – Presentation and Treatment

Osteitis pubis is an inflammation of the pubic symphysis and surrounding muscle insertions and is characterized by sclerosis and bony changes of the … [Read More...] about Osteitis Pubis – Presentation and Treatment

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