A bone spur is a bony growth formed on a normal bone. In medical language, it is termed as an osteophyte. A bone spur is an extra bone and can cause symptoms due to pressure on adjacent tissues. Bone spurs are also called osteochondral nodules, osteochondrophytes, and chondro-osteophytes. Osteophyte is part of degenerative changes that […]
General Ortho
Foods for Healthy Bones- Sources and Requirement
Doctor! What are foods for healthy bones? What should I eat so that I get strong bones and joints? I received this question in my mail recently. Actually, it is an often asked question. Not only this, some people are interested in superfoods for healthy bones. Well! Before we discuss the foods for healthy bones […]
Female Athlete Triad or Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport
The female athlete triad is a combination of menstrual dysfunction, low energy availability with or without an eating disorder, and decreased bone mineral density often seen in young women in competitive sports. The new term for this entity is Relative energy deficiency in sport [RED-S]. Classically female athlete triad was defined as consisting of disordered […]
Scapular Dyskinesis – Causes, Tests and Treatment
Scapular dyskinesis is a term that denotes loss of control of normal scapular motion, physiology or mechanics. It is also called sometimes as scapular dyskinesia but dyskinesis is said to be a better term as dyskinesia is applied to abnormal active movements mediated by neurological factors e.g. tardive dyskinesia. Dyskinesis is a finding in the examination […]
Normal Scapulohumeral Rhythm and Its Significance
Scapulohumeral rhythm is the interplay between the scapula and the humerus during motion of the shoulder. There is a definitive pattern of interaction of scapula and humerus when contributing to the motion of the shoulder. Scapulohumeral rhythm is also called glenohumeral rhythm. Optimal function of the shoulder is reliant on the coordinated movement of the […]
Implant Materials in Orthopedics- Metals, Ceramics and Polymers
Implants are biomaterial devices. A biomaterial is any substance or combination of substances (other than a drug), synthetic or natural in origin, that can be used for any period of time as a whole or part of a system that treats, augments or replaces any tissue, organ or function of the body. Implants are essential […]
Immune Response to Orthopedic Implants
Immune response to orthopedic hardware after implantation could be due to metal sensitivity or against other components, usually of bone cement. The condition though rare, metal hypersensitivity should be considered. In cases of recurrent pain and aseptic loosening related to implanted hardware. The first report of cutaneous hypersensitivity caused by a metallic orthopedic implant was […]
Antiseptics and Disinfectants – Types and Uses
Antiseptics and disinfectants are nonselective, anti-infective agents that are applied topically. In general, antiseptics are applied to tissues to suppress or prevent microbial infection. Disinfectants are germicidal compounds usually applied to inanimate surfaces. Both can be covered by the more general term, biocide. Sometimes the same compound may act as an antiseptic and a disinfectant, […]
Flexible Spinal Orthoses – Corsets and Belts
Flexible spinal orthoses such as corsets and belts are commonly used in the treatment of back problems. Following types of flexible spinal orthoses are used. Sacroiliac Belt This is a prefabricated belt 5.1 cm to 10.2 cm (2- 4 in.) wide which encircles the pelvis between the iliac crests and the trochanters. Perineal straps may […]
Normal Biomechanics of Knee and Movements
Knee allows locomotion with minimum energy requirements from the muscles and stability for accommodating for different terrains. The knee joint has biomechanical roles in allowing gait by flexing and rotating and at the same time, provides stability during the activities of daily life. It shortens and extends lower limb as required and transmits forces across […]