Chemotherapy literally means treatment of a disease by drugs. But the term has become a synonym with chemotherapy of tumors. Tumor chemotherapy is one of the basic pillars of cancer treatment, others being surgery and radiotherapy form the basic pillars of cancer treatment. Tumor chemotherapy drugs are also called anti-neoplastic drugs. Chemotherapy works by killing […]
Tumors
Musculoskeletal Tumors – Classification, Diagnosis and Treatment
Musculoskeletal tumors are a rare and diverse group of tumors. Benign bone and soft tissue tumors are 100 times more common than malignant tumors. The musculoskeletal system is made of skin and subcutaneous tissue, lymphatic tissue, vascular structures, musculoaponeurotic tissue, neurological structures, bone, and joints. Musculoskeletal tumors of different histological types can present with similar […]
Tumor Mineralization Patterns
Tumor mineralization means deposition of additional mineral in and around focal lesions of bone. Tumor mineralization is seen as Mineralization of tumor matrix Reactive bone proliferation Mineral deposition in areas of degeneration or necrosis The characteristic mineralization patterns have diagnostic significance. Depending on the mineralization pattern, bone tumors and tumor-like conditions can be divided into […]
Enneking Staging System and TGNM Staging System for Musculoskeletal Tumors
Enneking Staging System and TGNM staging system are two main staging systems used for staging for benign and malignant tumors of the musculoskeletal system Many factors are involved in choosing the proper therapy for the patients. They include the stage of the disease, the expected functional result after surgery, the age of the patient, the […]
Types of Surgical Resection of Tumors
Types of Surgical resection of the musculoskeletal tumors depend on the stage of the tumor and the type of surgical margin dictated by the histological grade which is required for the definitive local control. There are a number of modifying circumstances to be considered before the decision for surgery is made, e.g. the patient’ s age wishes […]
Bone Tumors Images and Xrays
Bone tumors can be benign or malignant. Following are some images and x-rays of soft tissue and bone tumors. The images are of both benign and malignant tumors. Image 1 – Xray of Fibrous Dysplasia of Humerus Fibrous dysplasia is a benign tumor of the bone and can involve more than one bone. Following image […]
Osteopoikilosis
Osteopoikilosis is a benign, autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia that manifests radiographically as multiple bone islands which are especially seen near the joints, epiphyses, metaphyses of long and short tubular bones. The condition is also known as spotted bone. The islands are also seen in in the pelvis and scapulae. The distribution is typically bilateral and […]
Bone Island or Enostosis
A bone island or enostosis is a common benign bone lesion. It is asymptomatic and does not require treatment. It is usually seen as an incidental finding on x-ray, computed tomogram and MRI. A bone island is a focus of mature cortical bone within the cancellous bone. Pelvis, femur, and other long bones are the […]
Metastatic Bone Disease
Metastatic bone disease is said to occur when metastases spread to bone.After lung and liver, bone is considered to be third most common organ involved by metastases. In breast cancer, the bone is second most common site for metastases. Metastases in bone need early detection and aggressive management. Aims of the treatment in metastatic bone […]
What is Metastsis Process and Its Routes
The term metastasis refers to the spread of the cancer cells from their original or primary site to a different location in the body. It must be stressed that local invasive growth is not considered metastases but local spread or expansion of the tumor. Thus metastasis is the process by which cancer cells migrate throughout […]