Procedures

Muscle Strength Testing and Grading

What is Muscle Strength Testing Muscle strength testing is an important component of medical examination and muscle evaluation. Muscle strength is defined as the ability of a muscle to tighten (contract) and produce maximum force in a single effort. Muscel strength depends on many factors Muscle cross-sectional area Musculotendinous stiffness Motor unit recruitment and synchronization […]

Removal of Plaster Casts- Procedure and Aftercare

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Removal of plaster cast is a procedure that is done by qualified and experienced medical personnel. The procedure involves risk of injury to the patient and should be done with utmost care. Equipment Needed for Cast Removal Following equipment are necessary for removing a cast Scissors Benders Electric cutter Materials for washing limb Supportive bandages […]

Complications of Plaster Cast

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

A plaster cast is given for the treatment of fractures and other orthopedic ailments. Though a very safe mode of treatment, complications of plaster cast may occur. The main complications of plaster cast are stiff joints, muscle wasting, and impaired circulation. Physiotherapy and good nursing can help reduce these complications and speed the final recovery. […]

Symphalangism – Causes, Classification and Treatment

Symphalangism is a condition where there is congenital ankylosis [fusion] of the interphalangeal joints of the phalanges of the hand or foot. The condition may involve metacarpophalangeal joints as well. The condition occurs because of the failure of the interphalangeal joint to differentiate during the development. Symphalangism leads to the functional impairment and unsightliness of […]

Erb’s Palsy Causes, Presentation and Treatment

Erb’s Palsy is also called brachial palsy or Erb Duchenne palsy and it occurs due to injury to the upper group of the arm’s main nerves, specifically of the upper trunk [C5–C6 nerves] Depending on the severity of the injury can either resolve on its own over a period or leave residual weakness. Relevant Anatomy […]

Intervertebral Disc Calcification

Intervertebral disc calcification is more common in adults than children. Overall, it is an uncommon condition. It was first described by Baron in 1924 and since that time more than 100 cases have been reported. Intervertebral disc calcification is more common in boys than girls and usual age of presentation is 8-13 years. It is […]

Forearm Muscles – Anatomy and Function

The forearm is the area of upper extremity between the elbow and wrist. The bony structure of the forearm is formed by two bones – radius and ulna. There are twenty forearm muscles which are arranged in two compartments – anterior and posterior. The anterior compartment contains flexor muscles and is also called the flexor […]

Osteon or Haversian System and Its Significance

The osteon is the basic building block and fundamental functional unit of compact bone. It is also called a Haversian system, named after Clopton Havers, an English physician who worked extensively on the microstructure of the bone. Structurally, osteons are roughly cylindrical structures which are several millimeters long and around 0.2 mm in diameter. Structure […]

Haglund Deformity – Symptoms and Treatment

Bony enlargement on the back of calcaneum [heel] is called Haglund deformity. It is also known as a pump bump or Bauer bump or Mulhulland deformity. It often causes retrocalcaneal bursitis due to the involvement of bursa that lies in vicinity. It is also called the pump bump because of its association with high heel […]

Neck Pain Causes and Treatment

Neck pain is almost as common a complaint as low back pain. Most cases of neck pain are due to minor muscular or ligament stresses. But there could be many other causes including the serious ones. Most of the neck pain cases are short-lasting and often can be managed at home. But a chronic pain […]