Procedures

Muscle Strength Testing and Grading

What is Muscle Strength Testing Muscle strength testing is an important component of medical examination and muscle evaluation. Muscle strength is defined as the ability of a muscle to tighten (contract) and produce maximum force in a single effort. Muscel strength depends on many factors Muscle cross-sectional area Musculotendinous stiffness Motor unit recruitment and synchronization […]

Removal of Plaster Casts- Procedure and Aftercare

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Removal of plaster cast is a procedure that is done by qualified and experienced medical personnel. The procedure involves risk of injury to the patient and should be done with utmost care. Equipment Needed for Cast Removal Following equipment are necessary for removing a cast Scissors Benders Electric cutter Materials for washing limb Supportive bandages […]

Complications of Plaster Cast

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

A plaster cast is given for the treatment of fractures and other orthopedic ailments. Though a very safe mode of treatment, complications of plaster cast may occur. The main complications of plaster cast are stiff joints, muscle wasting, and impaired circulation. Physiotherapy and good nursing can help reduce these complications and speed the final recovery. […]

Brachial Plexus Anatomy

The brachial plexus is a network of nerves formed by the anterior rami of the lower four cervical nerves and first thoracic nerve roots and proceeds through the neck, the axilla, and into the arm. The nerves coming out from this supply upper limb and shoulder girdle. Structure of Brachial Plexus The brachial plexus consists […]

Olecranon Bursitis Presentation and Treatment

Olecranon bursitis is inflammation of olecranon bursa which is a subcutaneous bursa overlying the olecranon process of the ulna. Bursa functions to reduce the friction between olecranon and skin. Olecranon bursitis may result from inflammation caused by various factors like repetitive trauma and infection of the bursa. Normally, olecranon bursa is Superficial locations of the […]

Dorsal Digital Expansion or Extensor Expansion

The term dorsal digital expansion refers to the small triangular aponeurosis covering the dorsum of the proximal phalanx with its base at the metacarpophalangeal joint. The main tendon of the extensor digitorum occupies the central part of the expansion and is separated from the metacarpophalangeal joint by a bursa. [Aponeurosis is a flat sheet or […]

Normal Knee X-rays

The knee is an important load-bearing joint of the lower limb. Knee x-rays are done to assess the knee joint pathology. Anteroposterior and lateral views of the knee are most common knee x-rays done. Skyline view is typically used to assess patellofemoral joint and patella-condylar alignment. Knee x-rays in weight-bearing position are taken to study […]

Scapholunate Instability [Scapholunate Ligament Injury]

Scapholunate instability is a spectrum of wrist instabilities that have occult scapholunate interosseous ligaments sprains on one side and scapholunate advanced collapse on the other side. Often the term is used interchangeably with scapholunate dissociation but in a strict sense, the scapholunate dissociation is one of the types of scapholunate instability. To summarize, acute disruption […]

Tegner Activity Level Scale

Tegner activity level scale is a scale that aims to provide a standardized method of grading work and sporting activities. It was developed to complement the Lysholm scale after it was observed that that limitations in function scores in Lysholm scale may be masked by a decrease in activity level. Tegner activity level scale is […]

Dwarfism – Causes, Types and Management

Dwarfism implies short stature that usually results from slow or delayed growth caused by some medical or genetic condition. [Dwarfism is known to be caused by about 200 distinct medical conditions.] It is an adult height of 4 feet 10 inches or under, as a result of a medical or genetic condition. The average height […]