There are two groups of muscles of hand – extrinsic muscles and intrinsic muscles. Intrinsic muscles of hand are those muscles which are located within the hand itself, in contrast to extrinsic muscles which originate proximally in the forearm and insert into the hand by long tendons. Extrinsic muscles are responsible for crude movements of […]
Anatomy
Gluteal Region Anatomy and Significance
The gluteal region is an anatomical area located posteriorly to the pelvic girdle, at the proximal end of the femur. In approximate terms, it can be called as area of buttocks. There are two gluteal regions, left and right. The muscles in this region move the lower limb at the hip-joint. Cutaneous Nerves, Vessels and […]
Popliteal Fossa Anatomy and Contents
The popliteal fossa [sometimes called knee pit] is a diamond shaped depression lying behind the knee joint, covering the lower part of the femur, and the upper part of the tibia. Boundaries of Popliteal Fossa It becomes easier to understand the landmarks when we visualize looking at the fossa from behind. The boundaries or borders […]
Vertebral Canal Anatomy and Contents
Vertebral canal or spinal canal is the long tubular space in the vertebral column formed by contiguous placement of vertebral foramen through which the spinal cord passes along with other contents Vertebral foramens are stacked on one another to form a long canal. In the intervertebral spaces, the canal is protected by the ligamentum flavum […]
Flexor Tendon Pulley System of Hand
Flexor tendon pulley system consists of annular ligaments of the fingers or A pulleys, and cruciate pulleys [C pulleys]. Flexor pulley system consists of following Palmar Aponeurosis Pulley 5 Annular Pulleys 3 Cruciform Culleys. Together, these form a fibro-osseous tunnel on the palmar aspect of the hand through which passes the deep and superficial flexor […]
Bone Anatomy and Physiology
The adult human skeleton has a total of 206 bones, excluding the sesamoid bones. The appendicular skeleton has 126 bones, axial skeleton 74 bones, and auditory ossicles six bones. [Read more about different bones and their classification] Each bone possesses a unique shape. But bones across the body do possess similarities in terms of structure […]
Long Bone Parts and Blood Supply
What is Long bone? Each long bone has an elongated shaft or diaphysis and two expanded ends (epiphyses) which are smooth and articular. The shaft typically has 3 surfaces separated by 3 borders, a central medullary cavity, and a nutrient foramen directed away from the growing end. Limb bones are typical long bones. Examples of […]
Anatomy of Metatarsal Bones and Phalanges
Metatarsal Bones or Metatarsus There are five metatarsal bones in the foot which are numbered from medial to lateral side. Common Features of Metatarsal Bones Each metatarsal bone is a miniature long bone and has following parts Base Base is the proximal end of metatarsal bone and articulates with tarsal bones. It is set obliquely […]
Tarsal Bones – Anatomy and Attachments
There are seven tarsal bones. Proximal row is formed by talus above, and the calcaneus below. The distal row contains, from medial to lateral side, medial cuneiform, the intermediate cuneiform, the lateral cuneiform and the cuboid. Navicular is interposed between the talus and the three cuneiform bones. In other words it is interposed between the […]
Ankle Joint Anatomy
The ankle joint is a hinged synovial joint. In absolute sense, its primary movements are moving the foot up and down, called dorsiflexion and plantar flexion respectively. However, this joint works in tandem with subtalar joints [talocalcaneal and talocalcaneonavicular], thus adding to the range of motion of this ankle-subtalar joint complex. Anatomically subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint […]
