Bursa is a thin, lubricated fluid-filled sac located at points of friction between a bone and the surrounding soft tissue, such as skin, muscles, ligaments, and tendons like a fluid-filled balloon. About 160 bursae are present in adult body size of which depends on the location of the bursae. A bursal sac is made up […]
Hand and Upper Limb
Shoulder Injuries – Xrays and Photographs
Xrays and photographs of different kinds of shoulder injuries are presented. Image 1 – Fracture Upper-End Humerus In Child Treated With Closed Reduction and Internal Fixation With K Wires Fracture upper-end humerus are common fractures in children as well in adults and elderly. However, fractures behave differently in different age groups. While elderly patients can […]
Xrays of Elbow Injuries
Elbow injuries are very common in adults and children. The treatment of injuries depend on the pattern of injury and age of the patient along with many other factors. Following are various xrays of elbow injuries in adults and children Image 1 – Xray of Operated Fracture Lateral Condyle in a Child The image today […]
Essex Lopresti Fracture
The Essex Lopresti fracture is also called longitudinal radioulnar dissociation and consists of fracture of the radial head, rupture of the interosseous membrane, and disruption of the distal radioulnar joint. It is important to recognize and have high index of suspicion because Essex Lopresti fracture is often missed. Isolated radial head fracture can be successfully […]
Rotator Cuff Injury
Rotator cuff injury is a condition characterized by partial or complete tearing of one or more of the rotator cuff muscles. The rotator cuff is formed by supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis and teres minor. The supraspinatus is most commonly affected. The frequency of full-thickness rotator cuff tears ranges from 5-40%, with an increased incidence of cuff […]
Patellar Tendinosis Symptoms and Treatment
Patellar tendinosis refers to anterior knee pain due to tendinosis resulting from repeated loading of the knee extensors. It is also called Jumper’s knee. Patellar tendinosis is found in sportsperson who play sports that involve jumping and heavy landing, rapid acceleration or deceleration and kicking, such as basketball, volleyball, soccer, tennis, long jump, and high […]
Suprascapular Neuropathy or Infraspiantus Syndrome
Suprascapular neuropathy or infraspinatus syndrome is a less common cause of shoulder pain, especially in athletes with overhead sports activity. Volleyball, basketball, and tennis are examples of such sports which increase the risk of rotator cuff tendinopathy, injuries to the glenoid labrum and suprascapular neuropathy. The incidence of suprascapular neuropathy appears highest in volleyball players. […]
Parsonage Turner Syndrome
Parsonage Turner syndrome or brachial neuritis is a rare disorder which affects lower motor neurons of brachial plexus and/or nerves and their branches and is manifested by acute shoulder pain followed by weakness of the muscles of the shoulder. It is capable of leaving residual disability in 10-20% patients. It also is known as neuralgic […]
Brachial Plexus Injury – Causes, Presentation and Treatment
Brachial plexus injuries can occur in neonates following birth trauma [Erb’s paralysis and Klumpke’s paralysis], compression of brachial plexus by surrounding structures [thoracic outlet syndrome] and due to inflammation of the nerve [Turner parsonage syndrome or brachial neuritis] and direct or indirect injury by trauma [called traumatic brachial plexus injury]. Traumatic brachial plexus is the […]
Shoulder Impingement Syndrome
Shoulder impingement syndrome is said to occur when there is impingement of tendons of the rotator cuff and/or bursa in the shoulder in subacromial space [ from bones of the shoulder. Repeated impingement leads to irritation and inflammation of the structures irritated and inflamed as they pass through the subacromial space, the passage beneath the […]