Metabolic DIsorders Affecting Bone

The term myasthenia gravis has a Latin and Greek origin. It  literally means “grave muscle weakness.” Myasthenia Gravis is a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease that results in by varying degrees of weakness of the skeletal  muscles of the body. This weakness increases during periods of activity and improves after periods of rest. Certain muscles such […]

Erythromelalgia is a rare neurovascular peripheral disorder characterized by burning pain, warmth, and redness of the extremities. The condition gets its names derived from three Greek words: erythros (red)+ melos (limb)+ algos (pain). Erythromelalgia was described in 1872 by Silas Weir Mitchell. Gerhardt described the same disease in Germany. The disease was known by Mitchell […]

Cervical spine instability is defined as the loss of ability of cervical spine under physiological loads to maintain relationships between vertebrae in such a way, that spinal cord or nerve roots are not damaged or irritated and deformity or pain does not develop. While most of the definition is explanatory, the key term to remember […]

Chondrocalcinosis means streaking of soft tissues with calcium. It is also used as a synonym for calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease because the finding of chondrocalcinosis has been mostly associated with calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, a disease that is caused by deposition of calcium pyrophosphate crystals. Pesudogout is another name used for pyrophosphate deposition disease but […]

Neurogenic shock is a shock caused by autonomic dysregulation, mostly caused by spinal injuries resulting in loss of sympathetic tone and leading to low blood pressure, low heart rate and peripheral vasodilatation.

Osteochondritis dissecans is a condition in which a small segment of articular cartilage with its underlying subchondral bone gradually separates from the surrounding osteocartilaginous tissue due to a lack of blood supply. Osteochondritis dissecans develops in joints of children and adolescents. The separation of the fragment may be partial or complete. The osteochondral segment may […]

Hemophilic arthropathy refers to the changes in joints caused by recurrent bleeding into joint due to a bleeding disorder called hemophilia. Hemophilia is a genetic disorder characterized by abnormality of the coagulation mechanism due to functional deficiency of a specific blood factor, namely VIII or IX. The estimated incidence is between 0.8-1 per 10,000 male […]

Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic inflammatory, seronegative arthritis that develops in about 5% of the people who have psoriasis. Psoriasis is an autoimmune disorder that mainly affects skin leading to a characteristic rash. About half of the patients of psoriatic arthritis have often human leukocyte antigen HLA B27 associated spondyloarthropathy. Psoriatic arthritis is considered as […]

Calcium hydroxyapatite deposition disease is a condition where there is a deposition of calcium phosphate crystals, mainly hydroxyapatite in the soft tissues around the joint. The depositions occur, especially in tendons. The condition is commonly known as calcific tendinitis and seen when the deposition involves supraspinatus tendon. But the deposits also occur in structures other […]