A degree of freedom is a plane of movement. The concept of degrees of freedom is central to kinematics. Consider a ship moving. It is moving in three dimensions. First, up and down in a vertical plane Second, left and right in a horizontal plane; Third backward and forward, also in a horizontal plane. Each […]
General Ortho
Blood Supply of Neck of Femur
Blood supply of neck of femur is derived from vessels supplying part of the femur. Blood supply of head of the femur is also contributed by these vessels. Blood supply of neck of femur is important to understand because disruption of the blood supply during trauma or surgery can lead to avascular necrosis of femoral […]
C-Arm Image Intensifier
C-arm image intensifier or x-ray image intensifier is an imaging component which converts x-rays into a visible image and is used in medical care. C-arm image intensifier and is a commonly used gadget in orthopedic surgeries. It is also used in many other procedures like gastroendoscopy, vascular surgery, neurosurgery etc. There are two types of C-arm […]
Interfragmentary Screw or Lag Screw Fixation
Interfragmentary screw or lag screw is used in fixation of spiral or oblique fractures of the shaft of a bone. Interfragmentary screw or lag screw is used as an adjunct to plating and often as initial fixation holder so as to the safe and secure application of a plate in a neutral mode in the […]
What Is Femoral Offset?
Femoral offset is the distance from the center of rotation of the femoral head to a line dissecting the long axis of the femur. In case of total replacement of the hip, the offset is considered as the distance from the center of rotation of the femoral head to a line bisecting the long axis […]
Hip Biomechanics and Its Clinical Uses
Hip biomechanics are quite complex due to pelvic motion associated with it and range of movements it produces. Biomechanics is the science that studies forces acting on a living body. Hip is a mobile and stable joint that because of its anatomy and strong attachments of muscles and ligaments. The neck of femur and its […]
Kirschner Wire or K-Wire and Its Uses
Kirschner wire or K wire was invented by Martin Kirschner in 1909. They have a great role in the management of orthopedic trauma and correction of deformities. Kirschner wire is also known as K pin. Kirschner wire is sharpened, smooth stainless steel pins available in different diameters and lengths. They are used both in the […]
Synovial Fluid Composition and Functions
Synovial fluid is a thick, stringy fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints. It reduces friction between the articular cartilage and other tissues in joints by lubricating and cushioning them during movement. During movement, the synovial fluid held in the cartilage is squeezed out mechanically to maintain a layer of fluid on the cartilage […]
Tuberculosis of Spine Presentation and Treatment
Tuberculosis of spine or TB spine or spinal TB was first described by Percivall Pott. He noted this as a painful kyphotic deformity of the spine associated with paraplegia. Since then condition is also referred to as Pott’s disease or Pott’s spine. It is also called vertebral tuberculosis. Because tuberculosis is also called Koch’s lesion, […]
Bone Destruction- Patterns and Their Significance
Different patterns of bone destruction as observed on x-rays are caused by a variety of disease processes affecting the bone. Different types of destructions suggest the intensity and aggression of the disease process. Classically, x-rays were used for imaging and diagnosis. With the advent of CT and MRI, the x-ray diagnosis of lesions has lost […]