Poland Syndrome is a congenital condition characterized by the absence of chest wall muscles on one side of the body and short, webbed fingers of the limb of the same side. The Poland syndrome is also known as Poland Anomaly, Poland Sequence, and Poland Syndactyly. Relevant Anatomy The pectoralis major is a large muscle of […]
Pediatric
Pseudoachondroplasia Presentation and Treatment
Pseudoachondroplasia is a rare, inherited disorder that causes short stature and affects 1 in 30,000 people. The condition is also referred to as pseudoachondroplastic dysplasia or pseudoachondroplastic spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia. It is a form of dwarfism. Persons with pseudoachondroplasia have normal intelligence, head size, and facial features. But are small in stature [Average male is around […]
Achondroplasia – Features and Treatment
Achondroplasia is a form of short-limbed dwarfism or short stature that has abnormal maturation of growth plate chondroblasts. The word achondroplasia literally means “without cartilage formation”. However, the actual problem in achondroplasia is not formation of the cartilage but ossification. Hypochondroplasia is a similar problem, but the features of achondroplasia tend to be more severe. […]
Sever Disease – Presentation and Treatment
Sever disease or calcaneal apophysisits was first described by JW Sever in 1912. [1] Sever disease is a painful inflammation of the calcaneal apophysis. It is considered as adolescent nonarticular osteochondroses [2] just like Iselin disease. A repetitive pull of the tendocalcaneus on its insertion is thought to be responsible for this entity. The problem […]
Blount Disease – Presentation & Treatment
Blount disease, also termed as tibia vara is characterized by disordered endochondral ossification of the medial part of the proximal tibial physis. Though it is called tibia vara, actual deformities are multiplanar – tibia with varus, procurvatum (a deformity where the apex of angulation is anterior), and internal rotation. It is named after Walter Putnam […]
Kohler Disease of Patella
Osteochondrosis of the primary ossification center of the patella is also called Kohler disease [navicular osteochondrosis is also called Kohler disease]. For sake of differentiation, some authors also term it as Kohler disease of the patella. It is a rare cause of knee pain in children between 5 and 9 years of age. It affects […]
Osgood Schlatter Disease Causes Symptoms and Treatment
Osgood Schlatter disease is osteochondrosis of tibial tubercle that results from repetitive quadriceps contraction through the patellar tendon at its insertion on tibial tubercle. This occurs in the period before puberty as the tibial tubercle is growing and is susceptible to strain. It is is a self-limiting disorder of the knee. It is named after […]
Sinding Larsen Johansson Disease
Sinding Larsen Johansson disease [ also known as Sinding-Larsen disease or Larsen-Johannson syndrome] is a type of osteochondrosis that affects the proximal end of the patellar tendon as it inserts into the inferior pole of the patella, and represents a chronic traction injury or overuse injury of the immature osteotendinous junction. It is a closely […]
Klumpke Palsy – Cause, Presentation and Treatment
Klumpke palsy is a form of paralysis involving the muscles of the forearm and hand, resulting from a brachial plexus to the eighth cervical and first thoracic nerves are injured either before or after they have joined to form the lower trunk. Klumpke palsy usually occurs following a stretching injury from a difficult vaginal delivery. […]
Erb’s Palsy Causes, Presentation and Treatment
Erb’s Palsy is also called brachial palsy or Erb Duchenne palsy and it occurs due to injury to the upper group of the arm’s main nerves, specifically of the upper trunk [C5–C6 nerves] Depending on the severity of the injury can either resolve on its own over a period or leave residual weakness. Relevant Anatomy […]